In regard to the costs of such events, it is difficult to quantify (entirely depends on the specific process used, the location, and the extent of the problem). Based on nothing more than gut feeling, I would guestimate the opex costs could increase by as much as 25% as a result of such events (including increased chemical dosing, chemical cleaning, downtime, labour etc). Cheers, Anthony

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In regard to the costs of such events, it is difficult to quantify (entirely depends on the specific process used, the location, and the extent of the problem). Based on nothing more than gut feeling, I would guestimate the opex costs could increase by as much as 25% as a result of such events (including increased chemical dosing, chemical cleaning, downtime, labour etc). Cheers, Anthony