The lowest low-cost system: ...

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The lowest low-cost system: for a population of 2.000 @ 3 l of water per person per day you must clean 6.000 l of water.

The following could be done with buckets, cans or with drums.

1. Gravel filter: fill vessel with gravel, let the water go in from the top, take the water out from the bottom.

2. Sand filter: same as step 1. If you put the vessel from step one higher than the sand filter, you need no pump.

After 100 l (approximation) you should back-flush both filters. Discard the back-flush water.

3. Put the water in empty, transparent PP bottles and expose to sun for 6 hours (recommendation of WHO). Also suitable are glas containers/flasks or PP bags.

In case, there is no sun, you need an UV flow through debacterisation (could be manufactured with low cost by yourself).

Attention: this method cleans and sterilizes only slightly dirty water. It removes not oil or potentially hazardous chemicals.

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