Dear Rik Hannen For each ...

Published April 20, 2017 18:20 by Prem Baboo, Researcher at www.researchGate.net

Dear Rik Hannen

For each study site, monitoring requirements in policies, regulations, and standards are set by the government. For those sites that require both operational monitoring and surveillance, operational monitoring involves more frequent sampling, more sampling points (source water through to point of use), and uses a wider range of tests and laboratories than does surveillance. For operational monitoring, the largest cities have dedicated laboratories (which are used only for drinking water monitoring) and collect and process many samples. Small cities and towns use shared laboratories (which are also used for purposes besides drinking water monitoring), and collect fewer samples and at lower frequencies. Operational monitoring of rural sites with point-source water supplies follows the same approach as for small cities, if they are operationally monitored at all. Surveillance monitoring is generally run by health departments, and relies on decentralised laboratory networks to monitor all water supplies.Marginal costs include sample collection and transport; materials for sample testing; and labor associated with sample collection, transportation, and sample analysis. Capital and capital maintenance costs were excluded, as they were not considered costs that would increase with increased compliance with testing requirements.

1. Multi wavelength spectrophotometer with even lower costs than of simple photometers.

2. Earth Force® Low-Cost Water Quality Monitoring Kit

Coliform screening; kit performs 3 tests

Temperature; kit performs unlimited number of tests

Turbidity; kit performs unlimited number of tests

pH; kit performs 10 tests

Dissolved oxygen; kit performs 10 tests

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); kit performs 10 tests

Nitrate; kit performs 10 tests

Phosphate; kit performs 10 tests

3. watershedmonitoring.com

4. Visible Impact water quality monitoring