Excessive Water abstraction ...

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Excessive Water abstraction through boreholes causes numerous adverse impacts on ground water hydrology & ecology , like ;

a.  Over abstraction exposes the upper aquifer which allows intrusion / suction of un-managed surface wastewater into the deep ground water aquifer - thus causes  Ground water contamination .

b.  The under ground strata / geological formation get loosen due to constant water abstraction/   Water mining  and after the exclusion of water  from soil, the underground stratification is exposed to earth quakes/ jolts 

c.  Due to constant / over abstraction , the water table of the area get depleted which  adversely impacts the local biodiversity and ecology .  

Col Islam-ul-Haque , MSc, PhD 

islamhaq3@yahoo.com