Jackvan John: That is a very ...

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Jackvan John: That is a very broad question, not sure what you are after? If one one has system of monitoring wells GIS can be used for plotting quality data even modelling pollution plumes. Depth to groundwater and change over time can be contoured and displayed. Many countries have have a system of registering boreholes/wells that contain data like location, depth yield etc that are managed and viewed within GIS. Locating water is an extensive topic, geohydrologist usually use geophysics to locate groundwater - data from geophysics is usually processed within a GIS system. Remote sensing (aerial or satellite imaging) can be used to locate surface features or structures that have potential for trapping or containing water like dyke and fault zones. Areas where excessive groundwater extraction has occurred can result in surface subsidence, GIS systems can be used to process and view subsidence surveys. I know of a gis project where groundwater flow into marine environments was being identified by using night time thermal infra red scanning by determining water temperature differences. Whatever your groundwater issue is there is likely some technology available to locate, monitor measure and GIS is usually a tool of choice to analyse and display the data.