Head Losses, caused by ...

Published September 19, 2017 18:00 by DRISS KHOMSI, Environment Expert for the Short Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) from the Brick Industry at Climate & Clean Air Coalition -http://ccacoalition.org/en/solutioncenter/expert-assistance

Head Losses, caused by bends, elbows, joints, valves etc., in pipelines are sometimes more important than the lossses due to pipe friction but the name is conventional. In almost all cases the minor loss is determined by experiment.

The problem of Bends has been thoroughly investigated and many of interesting facts have been discovered. For example, when a fluid passes around a bend (viscous/turbulent flow) a condition called secondary flow will be established: a rotating motion (due to the centrifugal force combined with the frictional resistance of the pipe walls) at right angles to the pipe axis which is superimposed on the main motion in the axis direction.

The total loss is equal to the sum of the excess loss in downstream tangent, the loss due to curvature (radius, deflection angle) and loss in bend due to length.

To clarify the prolem, I suggest for you to read chapter two of the book: "Flow of fluids through valves , fittings , and pipe " / Crane Co London : Crane Co., - Technical paper. No. 410 M, . 1985.

Regards