Acoustic detection networks ...

Acoustic detection networks have improved with better diagnostics and correlation to pinpoint leak suspects.  Satellite technology could be called emerging though my personal opinion is that it is still not as good as it could be.  There are several companies using machine learning to predict the probability of failure of individual pipes, some incorporate satellite data.  Coupled with systems that evaluate the consequence of pipe breaks, utilities can lay out a strategy for replacing pipe, using leak detection, deploying condition assessment or wait till it breaks decisions.  For critical mains, consideration might be given for pressure/surge monitoring.   A newer technology launches a pressure sensor down the pipe but acoustic monitoring can perform much the same task without concern for tuberculated mains.