Nodal base demand can be ...

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Nodal base demand can be estimated from lots contributing to that node. This can be verified by flow meter measurements over 24 hours during week ends and week days. A pattern can be generated for the 24 hours during week end and week days. The pattern and the average demand can be fed into the US EPANET. Bulk decay coefficient can be estimated by measuring residual chlorine at two outlets such as Hydrants. Leakage in a pipe can be modelled as orifice.