The most simple and ...

The most simple and inexpensive method is to flush your plumbing system by running the water for one to two minutes before drinking it. Flushing is only necessary if the water has been in contact with the plumbing for at least one hour. Flushing your plumbing system is recommended only if the lead concentration in your running water sample was less than 15 µg/L. It may not be effective in apartment buildings with complex plumbing systems or in homes on public water sources where lead service lines are the source of the lead. In these cases, tap water concentrations of lead may exceed 15 µg/L even after several minutes of running the water. If flushing proves effective, you can conserve water by flushing the plumbing system in the morning and storing water in bottles for use during the rest of the day. Only flushed water from the cold water tap should be used for drinking and cooking, since hot water can dissolve lead more quickly than cold. If excessive lead concentrations persist after flushing, or if flushing is an undesirable method, there are numerous alternatives for reducing lead exposure. Homeowners who have a groundwater well with a submersible pump may want to have the pump checked. If some of the pump’s metal parts are corroding, they could be contaminating the groundwater with lead. Acid-neutralizing filters can be installed to reduce water corrosivity by adding calcium and by increasing the pH of the water. Unlike other treatment options, these filters act to prevent lead from entering the water rather than removing it at the tap. They do this by producing a thin scale that prevents the lead from being dissolved from the pipes and solder inside the plumbing system. Reverse osmosis units (can remove lead and aluminum)and activated alumina filters are very effective in removing lead once it is in the water. These units typically are attached to the kitchen tap and treat only the water from that tap. Pesticides can be found at microgram levels in ground water or surface water. They usually come from intensive agricultural activities. The most common pesticides found in water are Atrazine, DDT, lindane, Carbofuran, etc... In natural waters, pesticides are present at ppb (microgram/L) level. Most of them are hydrophobic and easily removed by adsorption on activated carbon filters. In case of large amounts or large plant capacities, nanofiltration can be a better adapted technology, avoiding hassle of media replacement. Still if you want any more clarifications feel free to contact at prasad.yerra@ionexchange.co.in or prasadbio2007@gmail.com