Dear Abdus Saboor,Good and ...

Dear Abdus Saboor,

Good and interesting discussion,

“All peoples, whatever their stage of development and social and economic condition, have the right to have access to drinking-water in quantities and of a quality equal to their basic needs.” In most countries the principal risks to human health associated with the consumption of polluted water are microbiological in nature (although the importance of chemical contamination should not be underestimated). The risk of acquiring a waterborne infection increases with the level of contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. However, the relationship is not necessarily a simple one and depends very much on factors such as infectious dose and host susceptibility. In drawing up national standards for drinking-water quality, it will be necessary to take into account various local, geographical, socioeconomic and cultural factors. As a result, national standards may differ appreciably from the guideline values. In some countries, health authorities have adopted interim standards for intractable natural contaminants such as fluoride, pending the development of appropriate treatments for their removal from community supplies.

Access to safe drinking water can prevent disease outbreaks, and lower diarrheal and other disease burden. Approximately 768 million people across the world lack access to an “improved” drinking water source  though an even larger number use a water supply that is unsafe or has an elevated sanitary risk (3.06 billion)

Dependence on the state has meant that with the cost of water supply being high and cost recovery being poor, the financial sustainability of water schemes has run aground, and repairs and maintenance is abysmal. With people having no interest in using water carefully, the sustainability of water has itself become questionable

The health burden of poor water quality is enormous. The problems of chemical

contamination is also prevalent. Bacterial contamination of water continues to be a widespread problem across the country and is

a major cause of illness and deaths

Some procedure for rural water purification

1.       Use boiled water.

2.       Natural herbs are easily available

3.       Neem leaf juice was found to be more effective than the Tulsi leaf juice in inhibiting the bacterial growth.

4.       Neem juice could reduce the bacterial count from 1224 x 106 to 20 x 106 at maximum volume.

5.       The effective antimicrobial activity of plants leaf extracts is due to the synergistic effect of the active components present in plant leaves. This technique can be effective for the water obtain from water sources having low degree of contamination or else.

6.        Water can be given prior filtration with charcoal or fine sand to reduce the contamination load. It remains to be seen if sunlight experiments can be combined with herbal disinfection of water to achieve complete destruction of enteric bacteria.

7.       Storage of water in an open reservoir provides  an opportunity for algae to grow and develop. This may become a moreserious problem than the one the reservoir was designed to solve. Algae grow on nutrients such as soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, and some  other compounds found in surface water. The greater the quantity of these materials, the larger will be the growth of algae. A small amount  of nutrient, however, is enough to support some growth. Usually an indication of the possibility of algae growths can be found by observing other  ponds or lakes in the area.

8.       Slow sand filtration is an excellent method of water treatment for rural water-supplies

to reduce colour to a certain extent, depending on the size of sand grains and the rate of filtration.

 

The slow sand filter is most practical in treatment of water under the

following conditions :

(I) gravity system of water supply;

(2) raw water of reasonably good quality bacteriologically but subject

to possible contamination;

(3) water generally low in turbidity.

9. Chlorine tablets are also available for bacteria.

10.Graphene  Pure and safe Drinking water HRCM special Drum filter for rural areas, please see following link.

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6d4i4Xa9E0