None of the above! Sulfate ...
Published by Paul Comet
None of the above! Sulfate ions will bond best to Calcium, Strontium, Barium, lead, some mercury, If we are dealing with free, not complexed ions, small amounts of sodium sulfide should remove them if the pH is high.. Some sulfonated ion exchange resins will also remove them or EDTA- but these are expensive. Lignins & humus will also remove most things from water. A lot depends on the final destination of the cleaner water!
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These are plating baths, which contain sequestring agents such as EDTA, pyrophosphate, or citric and often have 1000mg/l or more of the metals.
Published by Robin Deal, Industrial Wastewater Specialist, Hubbard-Hall