In addition to all of these ...

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  1. In addition to all of these answers, treatment with UV is a numbers game.  This can be total numbers such as knocking down bacteria from 100,000 to 1 or the after 100,000 passing through 1 live one will get through.  In each case, the UV causes the dead cells to leak their cell contents so the one live cell is able to grow on the cell contents unless there is chlorine or similar to control its outgrowth.  Some iron bacteria are also not reduced because of the iron content surrounding the cell.  UV does not work well on recirculating systems.