Published by hirudiaraj surya albert
If the fluoride is the only ion you want to remove and water has low TSS, low TOC, activated alumina and activated carbon can be used to get the fluoride lower than 1mg/l. If the fluoride in the feed water is higher than 20 mg/l, lime and alum should be used to decrease the fluoride concentration ahead of the absorption to increase the life span of the alumina filter. If other ions or TDS need to be reduced and water has low TSS , low TOC, SDI<3, maybe you want to use ion exchanger or membrane (such as RO or NF). Electrical coagulation is an option if you have high TSS , TOC, color, smell as well as fluoride. EC can also remove some pesticides, bacteria and viruses.
Published by Lisa Li
Hi Surya! There is a protein based membrane which works on gravity and removes not only Fluoride, but also Arsenic, Heavy Metals etc. It also disinfects at RNA and DNA levels. Please send me the details at md@tibur.in or call me on +91 96321 26667
Published by Vincent Pinto
We have developed fluride removal by soaking technique. Tje adsorbent is coated on calcium.stones. Water when soaked in this medium removes fluoride. Check www.watsan.in
Published by Chandrasekaran J., Founder Director at Watsan Envirotech private Limited
Cold lime softening will remove higher fluoride concentrations at the proper pH. This can be done at your Primary Clarifier using slaked lime addition to adjust to the proper pH. You will most likely need a DADMAC or PAC coagulant (dosage will vary depending on your influential quality) and maybe a very small amount of an ionic flocculant for the best clarity 0.1-0.3 ppm). CLS will improve removal of several contaminants as well; taking loading off downstream treatments. Chlorination is post the CLS. Hope this helps.
Published by Sean Roop, Industrial and Engineering Consultants, LLC - Senior Water and Process Consultant
Using poat made of clay
Published by Mikiyas Egnet
Published by Prem Baboo, Researcher at www.researchGate.net