For water contamination first ...

For water contamination first step is to see the suspended particle and colors of the water. If the water is having colors and suspended particles is accepted as contaminated. Second stage is to go for chemical analysis for different elements and bacteriological counts. Sampling is the most important step and it should be done carefully. For soil colour analysis and then chemical analysis is the important method. In your area you can go for sulfur, Radon, Arsenic, lead, Nickel etc. If I can know the rock types i can able to say about the possible contamination of heavy metals. I have my experience in coal field area. I am still carrying out research work on water contamination in the coal mining areas.