Domestic Wastewater Treatment

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Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Domestic Wastewater Treatment

How do I figure out the most suitable treatment process (activate sludge, trickling filter) according to the composition of the domestic wastewater?

Is there a practical tool to determine it?

Is it necessary to particularly focus on nutrients (P and N)?

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28 Answers

we have to stop using ...

we have to stop using chemicals to treat our waste water.  there are better and greener technologies that can treat nutrients.  and even recover nutrients .    many options out there.  

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we have to stop using ...

we have to stop using chemicals to treat our waste water.  there are better and greener technologies that can treat nutrients.  and even recover nutrients .    many options out there.  

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All process are good ...

All process are good technology, the most thing is Ferric Chloride to remove P, while N can be remove through process PST, Filtration, humus tanks.

Thank you,

Mangena P

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All process are good ...

All process are good technology, the most thing is Ferric Chloride to remove P, while N can be remove through process PST, Filtration, humus tanks.

Thank you,

Mangena P

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Milk processing,paper mill ...

Milk processing,paper mill and pharmaceutical are waste streams typically treated by trickling filters.

Discharge quality requirements are getting tighter and land is getting costlier,and there's a greater case for an additional premium on activated sludge,making it perhaps getting graded down via a vis trickling filters,membrane bioreactors

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Hi Lara.  What effluent ...

Hi Lara.  What effluent standard is required?  From the information you have provided, both activated sludge or biological filters could be used.  If a relatively low level of treatment is required, filters provide a low energy opex option.

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Hello Lara Activation of ...

Hello Lara

Activation of sludge deserves two responses

Activation: a function that has nothing to do with the problem of sludge. It serves only to defuse the methanization activation of the medium. At the very beginning the concrete tanks were cracking, the concrete disintegrated under the effect of the putrefaction of the medium. The rotating arm removes the effect of strong metanization

Mud

In biology, mud is the ultimate stage of destructuring of organic matter. The only natural tool that eliminates mud is putrefaction. Incompatible with the action of aeration

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hello Lara.  yes there is a ...

hello Lara.  yes there is a practical tool.   use Net Present Value.  at the end of the day, the lowest total cost over 30 years is best.  its waste water.   Capital cost, yearly repair and maintenance cost and daily operating cost including everything that affects your EIA.  air quality, noise pollution and discharges.  

 

as for N and P, you live in the EU and thats part of the local requirements.  

 

have fun

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Lara, do you have any ...

Lara, do you have any information on the numbers of people connected and the quality standard of the effluent required?

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1 Comment

the main process is aerobic ...

the main process is aerobic biological treatment, the sludge needs to be furthur digested and turn into a furtilaizer, be aware to hormones and medication in the waste stream , also fats can ruin the procees.

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Hi all! I added a file with ...

Hi all! I added a file with the characterization of the wastewater of 3 different points of the drainage network and the discharge limits by law. The points 2 and 3 are on highly obstructed areas, so maybe not that representative. The treated wastewater will be discharged on a river, and is close to reach the ocean. The land is abou 6000 m2 and te wastewater is tottaly domestic, urban. I think that will be important to remove N from my evalluation, will it be better an oxidation ditch or anoxic/aerated tank? Thank you all for your feedback!

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Dear Lara, The choice of ...

Dear Lara,

The choice of ​treatment ​process depends ​upon the volume ​to be treated, ​available space, ​ costs of ​construction ​and quality of ​the discharge ​required. ​- it depends on ​the price/​availability of ​land. If there is ​insufficient ​land for ​activated ​sludge, or if ​the discharge ​quality ​requirements ​are so tight ​that it makes ​economic sense, ​processes like ​membrane ​bioreactors are ​used, but at ​the expense of ​higher capital ​and operating ​costs. ​

 

Some cheaper operations are following ​

  1. Trickling Filters,
  2. RBC

Activated ​sludge is also ​better if there ​is a requirement ​to remove ​nitrogen from ​the wastewater, ​since trickling ​filters can'​t provide the ​anoxic ​conditions ​needed to ​remove nitrates.​ Constructed wetlands are treatment systems that use natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial assemblages to improve water quality. These systems can be used commercially for efficient biological treatment of wastewater, and it will also act as a better eco-friendly method when compared with other conventional treatment methods. Natural wetlands, marshes, swamps, and bogs play an important role in protecting water quality. Constructed or artificial wetland systems mimic the treatment that occurs in natural wetlands by relying on plants and a combination of naturally occurring biological, chemical, and physical processes to remove pollutants from the water. Because constructed wetland systems are designed specifically for wastewater treatment, they typically work more efficiently than natural wetlands. Some constructed wetland system designs can closely resemble natural wetlands enough to provide additional habitat areas for many birds, animals, and insects that thrive in wetland environments.

Regards,

Prem Baboo

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I'm not aware of a ...

I'm not aware of a particular tool and nutrients are important.  You have to start in reverse.  You have to know what are the discharge limits you are allowed to discharge at and is it based on an absolute or a centile discharge.  Once that has been established, you have to establish the space, which is available, the capital and the peak flows, which your plant is able to deal with.  The nutrient level could also be misleading because the nitrogen needs to be split into ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, which is the ammonia nitrogen and other nitrogen and is the phosphate in a combined form or free phosphate.  The other main question is what is the source of your effluent?  A simple plant for a hotel or housing estate could be different from a plant with industrial or food wastes.  Once that has been done, then you can start talking to specialist designers of effluent plants.  So the COD or BOD of the waste will need to be known.  Another need to know is whether there is a fat oil & grease (FOG) content.  

The basic principles are screening first then look at other processes.

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Lara, have you tried ...

Lara, have you tried modelling to determine various treatment processes?

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1 Comment

As per Gareth's comment ...

As per Gareth's comment below, footprint is a major factor in selection of a technology. If you have land available then the low OPEX cost of a constructed wetland and reed bed system will work in developing countries with limited energy to power conventional MBBR or SBR designs. Engineered wetlands (wastewater) and reed bed (sludge) provide an ideal solution where pristine effluent is desired and a biosolids is created that has beneficial reuse for agricultural activities.

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Hi Lara! After determining ...

Hi Lara! After determining the influent characteristics, you have to determine the foorprint for the design. In our case, some places here have small foorprint and would be impossible to employ a full SBR technology. We usually employ MBR. If the waste is combination of domestic and septic, you might want to have an oil separation process then ABR (Anaerobic Baffled Reactor) or Anoxic, then equalization lastly MBR. If high COD, employ a clarification system before the biological process

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If you sufficient land that ...

If you sufficient land that is inexpensive enough, another great option is land treatment.  Google Muskegon County Wastewater Management System for details of a 40 MGD plant in Western Michigan, US.

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Hire a consulting engineer ...

Hire a consulting engineer who specializes in wastewater treatment. Most  domestic  plants are activated  sludge, but  circumstances ( size, location , availability of  raw  materials , effluent  requirements, existing  facilities, local  costs  etc) could dictate other  choices. MOP 8 published  by WEF discusses  options. N & P  are  normally important  only if  effluent  requirements  include them.

Published by Thomas Wilson, OWNER

Check out www.eecusa.com EEC ...

Check out www.eecusa.com EEC High-Speed Bio Tec based on MBBR or MBR
 

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Dear Lara: please contact to ...

Dear Lara: please contact to fgiralt@amuerinternacional.com who can give you a solution from Aquatreat of Barcelona, Spain. This Company has supplied plants for Portugal many times. And so to analize your request and size of the corresponding solution. The domestic effluent has a standard and range of composition.

Published by Eduardo Riveros Miranda, Ingeniero Civil Químico con postgrado en Alimentos - Asesorías y Capacitación Técnica