How can we control biofilm growth in drinking water pipeline without increasing disinfectant dosing as WQ standards and not to end up with disinfectant byproducts due to excess disinfectant?
Disinfectants obviously controls biofilm growth. But increasing dosing pose health problems as well. In addition, unpleasant taste and odour are results of increased dosing. Are there any other methods to control biofilm growth. Some studies say biofilm growth improves the efficiency of systems by reducing pipe roughness initially, however it increases when pipes are old. What is the better cheaper method to clean biofilms from older pipes?
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Continuos Chlorination to control biofilm and GI diseases
Controlling biofilm in pipeline for drinking water is possible by maintaining free residual chlorine level to more than 0.2 ppm constantly. While using chlorination for disinfection, it is essential to maintain free residual chlorine and consistency is the key. Usually is difficult to maintain free residual chlorine due to various reasons and chlorine gas being aggressive and highly reactive, it is difficult to control and equipment used for dosing may malfunction if proper care is not taken. This is possible for large treatment plants having sufficient skilled manpower; however, it is most difficult or rather impossible for smaller establishments or townships. For such establishments or even for individual houses now it is possible to maintain desired free residual chlorine level without fear of overdosing by using CHLORITARD.
CHLORITARD is a unique product developed especially for remote places, small - large establishments where technical manpower is not available, water quality is not consistent and electricity is not available for very long time in a day! This is being used for more than two decades in India without failure once suitable pouch of CHLORITARD is suspended in overhead water tank once a month! This pouch containing bleaching powder with retard action maintains free residual chlorine to about 0.5 ppm consistently for 1 month.
I am sure if such technology is used, there is no chance for microbes to develop biofilm. Pl contact me for more details at vm@vmbiotech.com
Control of biofilm growth in drinking-water pipleline
Dear Muthukrishna,
Could you please clarify whether do you mean that disinfection with ozone and ultraviolet light in your situation should not be applied? If not, I may suggest UV and/or Ozone options.
You may see our (New Zealand) approach which we have developed for drinking-water quality's control, which you may find on the Ministry of Health web-side www.health.govt.nz/ (section 'Publications'),
For details, please see relevant sections in Drinking-water Standards for New Zealand 2005(2008), Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality Management for New Zealand 2005, and several other supporting documents (e.g. UV Disinfection and Cartridge Filtration, Public Health Risk Management Plans for Drinking-water Supplies, etc.).
I hope this might be of your help.
If you would need further details and assistance, I am happy to assist.
All, The answers provided by Mr. Meklati are very good for general applications. Maintain process control whatever disinfectant is being used. Practice an aggressive flushing problem, one that will strip biofilms, clean water storage tanks which can serve as storage reservoirs for organism growth, including pathogens and nitrifying bacteria. If you can use free chlorine, stay with that. If not, careful control of chloramination must be practiced or nitrification of the total chlorine concentration will ensue. Pigging of pipelines will work if nothing else does. If using chloramines, and biofilm growth becomes problematic, switch to a period feed of free chlorine. This should be done as a last resort, not routinely.
Dear Muthkrishna - Chloramines makes the issue worse by causing lead and copper corrosion, nitrification, and disinfection by-products that are 1000 times worse than those caused by chlorination according to researchers at the US EPA. ClO2 will not kill biofilms unless in a dose too high to consume. Super chlorinating at 200 ppm is not only toxic, its ineffective. Mechanical solutions such as pigging and relining pipes will damage the pipes and, once you are finished, the problem occurs again. Addition point of use devices or filters provides limited results but at a high cost that does not address that nearly 80% of corrosion in water pipes relates to microbiology. Mixed-oxidant products such as our own, Clearitas, are specifically engineered to remove biofilms and organic matrixed scale from the inside of water pipes (and anything the water touches) while under normal operations. There are several onsite generators that can be used to produce on-demand product, although a bulk, finished product is preferable because of the reduced operations issues. Ours is exceptional because of its patented strength and stability (over 12 months) and our proprietary ability to deliver it in volumes that can be used by the largest utilities in the world. Over 125 cities use Clearitas in the USA daily to remove and prevent bio-film build up and, when coupled with an effective flushing program, will reduce chlorine use by 50% +, reduce flushing, remove corrosion that reduces flows and consumes energy, while reducing disinfection byproducts. Look for mixed oxidant generators or send me an email and I can direct you to some alternatives. Dane
Hello Dear Kumarasamy. Yes, I agree... but isaw a lot of cheap alternatives for biofilm treatment trought ultrasound that may be effective, like http://www.ultrasonicalgaecontrol.co.uk/product-type/horticulture-irrigation/ ... i know that this aplication is for lagoons but i think that it can be aplicated. regards.
Published
by Leonardo Zanata, Professor at Faculdades Oswaldo Cruz
By adding the Archaea species to the matrix all biofilm will be eliminated. There will be zero need for disinfectant. The Archaea reduce all organic matter into its elemental form. It is non pathogenic and non mutational. ph range of 5.5 to 10.0. Temp range 35 F to 185 F. Cost is pennies per application.
Published
by Guy McGowen, East Coast Archaea - President
Some systems see results from implementing the G7water catalyst. Antimicrobial and it will ionize minerals to maintain smooth surfaces and even remove deposits over time of use.
Mr. Kumarasamy, The only way to remove biofilm from services is by shock dosing with chlorine dioxide @200 ppm. Keep the water in the service pipeline for 2-3 hours. Then drain out the water. Once all the biofilm is removed from the pipeline system, you can then move to a constant dosing of the drinking water @1ppm dose. USEPA has approved the use of chlorine dioxide in drinking water upto a dose of 5ppm. Once the water is constantly dosed with chlorine dioxide there will be no growth of new biofilm.
Dear Kumarasamy. This is in continuation with my earlier note, While there is no way to eliminate biofilm, as said above, shock dosing of chlorine dioxide at intervals will certainly help. There are many bio-dispersants , mostly low molecular weight polymers, which help in flushing out the dead bugs and debris from the system, but these are not allowed for drinking water. So another constraint is that there is no easy / practical method for flushing out debris from drinking water distribution lines. Regards, Nikhilesh
Hi Kumarasamy, The biofilm might reduce friction losses and even improve water quality but will most probably cause corrosion in pipelines. Three comments: 1. Mechanical cleaning using “pigging” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigging is probably the safest and most efficient way of cleaning the existing biofilm. There is always a risk by flushing chemicals down a line. 2. In large distribution systems it is common to top-up the disinfectant (Cl2) at more than one location to keep satisfactory levels at the end of the network without overdosing at the treatment works or reservoir. 3. Most importantly: Minimise biofouling and reduce disinfection by-products by improving the efficiency of the Treatment Works through better operation and maintenance. Only then look at upgrade options and newer or more appropriate technologies. Regards Stephanus
How can we control biofilm growth in drinking water pipeline without increasing disinfectant dosing as WQ standards and not to end up with disinfectant byproducts due to excess disinfectant?
In order to control becoming better the proliferation of biofilm in the pipes we need to consider the following points: - Chois the lining of the pipes. - Optimize the profile volumes. - Ensure adequate flushing of the pipelines during commissioning - Master water leaks from the outside to the inside and vice versa. - Optimize the contact time water / disinfectant - Ensure adequate disinfectant residual rate (it must not exceed the rate allowed by the standard)
Dear Kumarasamy. The biggest source of microbial contamination of drinking water is the cross contamination of leaking sewage with leaking treated drinking water in the underground tunnel. So the supply of microbial contaminants to drinking water pipelines almost remains unabated. However, within this limitation Chlorine dioxide is a very effective biocide to control biofilm. Chlorine dioxide works at very low level, it does not react with organic impurities to form THM, and it works even in alkaline pH very effectively Regards, Nikhilesh
Hi Kumarasamy, have a look at: http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/15/14291.pdf http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/HPC10.pdf Kind regards, Patrick
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~~• GenEon Technologies produces both HOCl and a range of High pH cleaners and degreasers • HOCl is the chemical formula for hypochlorous acid—a weak acid formed when chlorine is dissolved in water. • It is used as a superior replacement for bleach, an oxidizer, a odor killer, a sanitizer/disinfectant, and a cleaner with a 30-second-1 minute kill time on pathogens. • It is 80—200 times stronger than bleach, but also safe for surfaces, plants, animals, and humans. I think that the ECA safe hipocolurs that is 8 times more powerful than normal clor for disinfectant and safe for it is the same
Hi Kumarasamy There are two process technologies that you/we could talk around for drinking water treatment Capacitive Recovery System This is a process used for the removal of contaminants from drinking water by removing both nitrates and ammonia this process is part of electricity based desalination process and it removes anions and cations. The process has a much higher water recovery than Reverse Osmosis ie it is up to 90 % more efficient Pure Water This is a practical solution for short or long term clean water supply, is easily transportable, fully automated, can be remotely monitored and controlled, has a low capex and conforms to HSE requirements as well as exceeding and or meeting DWI (Drinking Water Institute) and WHO (World Health Organisation) standards, has very low energy usage, does not use reverse osmosis or traditional chlorine generators. The treated water is microbiologically safe to drink and with no detectable presence of coliforms ( including E Coli) Clostridia Perfringens or Enterococci, its sterilising and disinfectant qualities means that system is kept clean and prolongs storage life of treated water