My company is responsible for managing drinking water quality for 96 water wells in Romania. Some of these wells have high level of manganese (aprox. 100 μg/l), higher than the permissible value.
I need a solution to reduce the level of manganese from these water wells.
IN 201811011885 titled BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING DAMAGING HEAVY METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS can help using Bioremediation as a method.
IN 201811011885 titled BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING DAMAGING HEAVY METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS can help using Bioremediation as a method.
IN 201811011885 titled BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING DAMAGING HEAVY METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS can help using Bioremediation as a method.
Get in touch with Istvan schremmeri@gmail.com, his company PPN in Budapest may be able to help you. If you email in English his PA will translate it for him.
Please mention that I suggested you contacted him.
100 micrograms per litre is not very high. A simple water treatment system with potassium permanganate dosing followed by sand filtration will do. We've been designing and building such systems for municipalities and the industry as well. Feel free to contact me.
Hello Laurent, As you see by my picture here on the side I am sitting with one of my old friends, who is a chief in Ghana, where I live and work almost half of each year. In my companies in the states we have developed two technologies that deal with your problem. The first and most economical is Electro-coagulation, which is a technology that operates off of a simple 110 volt electric system. Go to www.eco-web.com then Editorials tab and finally Authors tab and go to the 9th to the 12th papers and you can read about it. Also on that same site is a white paper on our technology called the Plasma Incubator Reactor. It is more expensive but it can handle the entire sewage output of a small city in Africa, to read about it go to www.abescousin1.com or email me a gerrybeagles@aol.com and my US phone is 916-877-1553.
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Agree with Prem Baboo. Oxidation using KMnO4 solution at high pH (>8, so you may need lime solution dosing prior to KMnO4) and filtration using anthracite is the common practise in some potable water treatment plants in South East Asia.
Ion Exchange Ion exchange can remove small amounts of soluble manganese from water. Potassium chloride may be used to regenerate the resin beads instead of sodium chloride if the added sodium is of concern.
Oxidizing Filters
Oxidizing filters can remove up to 15-25 mg/L of combined concentrations of Manganese. Greensand, anthracite sand, natural or synthetic zeolites are used in a mixed media or a pressure filter. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is used to coat greensand and anthrasand with manganese oxide, giving it a catalytic effect. This coating oxidizes and removes Manganese usually without requiring an additional oxidation/precipitation step. The coating can be maintained either by a continuous potassium permanganate feed or by backwashing at set intervals with a potassium permanganate solution.
Natural and synthetic zeolite filter media have a catalytic effect that does not require chemical backwashing to remove the precipitate. The filter media may use venturi air injection as an oxidant, with an air relief valve that bleeds off excess air.
Oxidizing filters can be used with ferrous or ferric iron, and manganous or manganic manganese. The minimum pH is 7.0. A pH of 8.0 is needed when the manganese concentration is high.
Filtration
Filtration is the most common method of removing manganese after oxidation. Slow sand filters, bag or cartridge filters, pressure filters, or conventional filters can remove the oxidized contaminants. Slow sand filters and conventional filters are the most expensive alternatives and are not normally used for removing Manganese unless colloidal particles, bacteria, or other filterable contaminants are present. Bag or cartridge filters have a very low capital cost, but higher maintenance cost in filter replacement. Automatically backwashing pressure filters have a higher capital cost and a lower maintenance cost.
Natural source of Manganese is more common in deeper wells where the water has been in contact with rock for a longer time. Manganese is not health concerns in drinking water. Instead, Mn is secondary or recommended drinking water standards because they cause aesthetic problems that make the water undesirable to use in the home and a bitter metallic taste that can make the water unpleasant to drink for humans . The US Environmental Protection Agency has a secondary standard of mangneese is 0.05 mg/l,
The Manganese Treatment Process.
Oxidation Followed by Filtration
the most effective treatment involves oxidation followed by filtration. In this process, a chemical is added to convert any dissolved manganese into the solid, oxidized forms that can then be easily filtered from the water. Stronger oxidants can be used in complement such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2), chlorine (Cl2), potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or ozone (O3). Chlorine is most commonly used as the oxidant although potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide can also be used
Mn2+( Oxidation) = Mn4+ (Precipitaion) =MnO2
Oxidizing Filters
Oxidizing filters oxidize and filter manganese in one unit. The filter is usually comprised of manganese treated greensand. In the case of a manganese greensand filter, the filter media is treated with potassium permanganate to form a coating that oxidizes the dissolved iron and manganese and then filters them out of the water. Because these units combine oxidation and filtration, they can be used to treat raw water with dissolved and/or oxidized manganese.
Other Treatment Methods
The methods described above are the most common processes for removing manganese but others like aeration, ozonation, and catalytic carbon may also be effective. While these units may successfully manganese, their cost should be carefully compared with more traditional treatment methods and, as always, you should obtain a written guarantee of their effectiveness.
Biological removal
In the same way manganese can be removed by biological way. There are bacteria which take their energy from the oxidation of manganese and which require a water with specific conditions to have an optimal activity of the micro-organisms. However, even if it is possible to carry out in the same time the manganese removal by physical-chemical treatment, the same doesn’t go for the biological way. In fact, the manganese specific bacteria need different environmental conditions.
Process wise I agree with my fellow colleagues. In Germany we have had good results with aeration with air to oxidise followed by UF membranes. Also I agree that more raw water parameters and volumes are required. oliver.kopsch@mft-koeln.de
We can extrapolate for days on this matter if we do not have all the needed parameters like pH, maximum flow rate, water analysis. Since that you have many well locations to treat I still believe that the most cheapest way to treat these wells will be ion exchange if the pH is suitable. We had some cases, here in Quebec, with manganese level up to 35 mg/l treated that way and since that you treat the manganous form there is no need to add another step like filtration to complete the process. The only maintenance cost will be usage of NaCl and resin cleaner once in a while.
Unfortunately air is not very effective in oxidising manganese and works better for elevated iron to oxidise the iron. There are a few options that you can look at. You can oxidise the manganese with potassium permangante. Manganese greensand (Maddox) is definitely also a possibility. Especially if you have existing sand filters. You will just have to regenerate the filter media and that can be done with potassium permanganate. Another possibility is biological manganese removal. For this to work you need to get your pH to a certain level while the dissolved oxygen levels are also important. It may be possible to simply add a pH step to your current plant and inject oxygen in the water (if the DO is not adequate) such that you can get the desired conditions on your filter media for the organisms to grow. We have recently commissioned a biological iron and manganese removal plant. It works very well but where you have iron and manganese, you need 2 steps in series due to the fact that for Mn removal you need to raise the pH and control the DO levels. The same is not true for Fe removal which is generally much simpler.