HDPE pipe is easily and dependably joined using the standardized butt-fusion procedure. In this process matching ends of the pipes to be joined are aligned and heated with standard tools until the surfaces have become molten. When engaged under moderate pressure, the melt faces flow together forming a monolithic, homogeneous joint that, as the material cools, yields joints that are as strong as or stronger than the pipe itself. There are several other well established heat fusion procedures used to join HDPE pipe such as electrofusion, which is exceptionally well suited for the assembly of pipe to fittings, or for making tie-ins or repairs, and saddle fusion which is used for the attachment of service fittings to HDPE mains. More details of some of these heat fusion procedures can be found in ASTM standards such as F2620, Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings, Apart from the heat fusion process of joining HDPE pipe, it can also be joined successfully with a variety of mechanical style fittings.
Some 10-15 years ago, a company in the UK proposed a technology to address this exact problem. I believe the name was 'Brinker'. The concept was to inject polymer 'shapes' into an upstream hydrant. The 'shapes' would then be carried downstream in the flow. If a leak were present, the shapes would be drawn into the leak orifice, and interlock to block the leak.
OK so far.
But realistically, what about the excess 'shapes' that were not drawn into a leak? Are they going to go on to block customer's connections - i.e. ferrules?
Will the inevitable 'escapees' appear in the customers water supply?
Nice idea, but would I risk it?................ Not at all!!
To fix a pipe from the inside, is in general very costly and demands a lot of labour, can recommend a cloth impregnated with resin that can resist aprox 220Cent, 150kgcm2 and is approved to use in contact with food, his application is very simple can be done in a short period of time, after 30' the pipe can go in line.
If you need further details, contact me by my personal email ciriaco69@live.com, by the way where are you located.
There a numerous practitioners of no dig repair solutions using heat set resins etc. A number of videos are available in regards to non-destructive pipe rehabilitation and repair methods. Heres on example https://ukdnwaterflow.co.uk/drain-services/drain-renovation-repair/
I have seen fiber optic cameras mounted on a small self propelled sled that runs down the pipe. Not easy to fix from the inside. I have seen sleeves inserted inside the pipe but then you have to have a way to get the sleeve in.
There are various options for repair, you can reline the pipes or dig them up depending on where they are located, would determine the most cost effective repair methods
Dear Colleague, my experience is change the pipe section with rupture in waterworks and sewerage.That is best and safety solution. HDP and PVC pipes are good for easy replacement. That is best and safe solution.
Dear Colleague, you can use CCTV procedure in combination with laser technique, that is usually use in waterworks and sewerage network. After that you can use pressure testing procedure for waterworks or sewerage system. Best wishes.
Leak noise correlators might work, also ground microphones to help detect the leaks.
Why can't you repair from the outside? What are your constraints? There are unusual ways to isolate a pressurised watermain in very difficult to get to locations, but repairing reliably from the inside doesn't sound ideal. You could line through the break to two accessible ends and make water-tight.
My experience with HDP has been to transport Natural Gas. When a leak happens it can be detected by odor, gas detection, pressure loss, marks in the ground or the flow reconciliation is not closing as usual. It those cases a mechanical sleeve (full-circle band clamps) is used as a first measure. Later on, after further analysis, the pipe is replaced.
For water applications, I think a mechanical repair should suffix.
I note that Leak Noise correlation has been mentioned in one answer, you are also able to use this utilising hydrophones within the water flow as the plastic materials are not good for noise transmission. From my experience leaks on plastic pipes tend to be on the joints which have s gasket in them. The can be repaired by cutting out the joints and replacing with a small section of pipe with mechanical repair collars. However some PVC pipes in the past were manufactured and the compounds tended to create a brittle pipe which could easily crack and break if not laid and bedded correctly, this was corrected with the development of new standards some years ago.