I propose an innovative ...
Published by Андрей Лапочкин, Директор at Чистый сток
I propose an innovative method! Cleaning of any drain. Cleaning up to fishery water. Not chemistry, not Biology. Only physical processes. Take a closer look at our technology! Only physical effect! Cleaning immediately to fishery waters! Works without reagents! Only electricity! There are no smells! Possible container version! Costs of 1 m3. Stokes are 1 kW of electricity!
ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ОТХОДОВ И СТОЧНЫХ ВОД ПТИЦЕФАБРИК И ЖИВОТНОВОДЧЕСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ АППАРАТОВ МИКРОДУГОВОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ВО ВРАЩАЮЩИХСЯ МАГНИТНЫХ ПОЛЯХ
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY OF WASTE AND WASTEWATER DISPOSAL OF BIRDS AND LIVESTOCKING COMPLEXES WITH APPLICATION OF MICRO-ARM TREATMENT APPARATUS IN ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELDS
Purpose and description of microarc machining technology in rotating magnetic fields
Technological equipment based on the innovative technology of microarc machining in rotating magnetic fields is intended for high-efficiency cleaning of municipal and industrial wastewater, and sewage sludge with minimal energy expenditure. It can also be the basis for the construction of sewage treatment systems in settlements with local and centralized sewerage systems (sanatoria, hospitals, schools, hotels, office and shopping complexes), as well as treatment plants of industrial enterprises of any profile, including food and light industry enterprises, processing of agricultural products, industrial livestock complexes, poultry farms, etc.
The innovative energy-saving technology of microarc machining in rotating magnetic fields is based on the use of devices generating a rotating electromagnetic field and representing a flow-type reactor (Fig. 1). Ferromagnetic elements (working bodies) are placed in the working zone of the reactor. When moving, the working bodies continuously emit power pulses, which, with direct contact, can not withstand almost no materials. The processed materials in the working zone are intensively mixed and subjected to high-power impact pulses.
In the working area of the device, the following effects are exerted on the treated media (substances, materials):
• mechanical (intensive dispersion of components and particles and their mixing and impacts of working bodies);
• destructuring flows that weaken intramolecular and interatomic bonds as a result of the action of the electromagnetic inductor lens
• hydrodynamic, expressed in large shear stresses in the fluid, developed turbulence, pressure pulsations and flow velocity;
• hydroacoustic in liquid media due to small-scale pressure pulsations, intense cavitation, shock waves and secondary nonlinear acoustic effects;
• micro-arc and electromagnetic field of eddy current;
• hydrolysis and ionization of water with the liberation of H + and hydroxyl group OH-;
• thermal impact;
• Destruction of pathogenic microflora and microorganisms.
The total impact of all factors creates a very high level of activation of all components of the substance involved in the process, and allows hundreds and thousands of times to increase the productivity of production processes, reduce material and energy intensity, implement processes previously considered unattainable and unprofitable.
Such features of this process cause its multifunctionality and the possibilities of practical applications for various technological processes. Below are some examples of highly effective application of this process:
• Cleaning of various types of sewage from heavy metals and other harmful impurities, elimination of silt with the possibility of simultaneous production of organic fertilizers.
• Oxidation of phenol, alcohols in wastewater.
• Biodiesel fuel production.
Opportunities and advantages of microarc machining technology in rotating magnetic fields applied to waste recycling
livestock complexes
The traditional processing of liquid manure is primarily its homogenization, that is, averaging the composition by mixing in various ways, then prolonged aging in manure stores for neutralization and removal to the fields. However, the existing methods of homogenization do not ensure the duration of a uniform distribution of all components in the total mass. With the traditional technology of homogenization there is only one factor - mixing.
When using the UAP reactor there are several factors:
1. Stirring.
2. Crushing of the solid phase.
3. Decontamination.
4. Destruction of weed seeds.
In the working area of the reactor, all processes go simultaneously.
Mixing. It has been established that, after treatment, the semi-liquid manure does not separate at all within 2-3 weeks, and the nature of separation acquires a new order. There is no upper crust of floating particles, almost the entire mass of solid particles falls to the bottom, forming a precipitate. The liquid acquires transparency, however, after a relatively long, aging, which is usually not observed with aging in manure stores.
The grinding of the solid phase simultaneously with mixing takes place with a high intensity and speed in the flow regime (Table 1).
4. Change in the fractional composition of the solid phase of industrial wastes of cattle-breeding complexes after microarc machining in rotating magnetic fields. Processing time 3-10 sec.
Таблица 1.
Обработка | Влажность % | Фракционныйсостав. % |
Примечание | |||||
3 мм | 2 мм | 1 мм | 0,5 мм | 0,25 мм | Менее0,25 мм | |||
Исходный | 93,27 | 7,38 | 5,78 | 18,59 | 4,76 | 4,89 | 58,6 |
|
Послеобработки |
95,03 |
0,29 |
0,21 |
12,59 |
5,94 |
6,06 |
76,91 | Припроизвод. 4,5 м3/час. |
Disinfection, destruction with emery plants. To disinfect wastes of livestock complexes, liquid and semi-liquid manure storage facilities are used, in which biochemical reactions take place, due to which the temperature rises inside. As a result, the content of pathogenic microflora and helminths sharply decreases in manure. However, there is still a danger
the emergence of infectious diseases, the emergence of pathogens and epidemics. Disinfect liquid or semi-liquid manure, manure drains or sediments by treatment with liquid ammonia, which is introduced into the volume of the manure store by means of a needle. Decontamination is carried out for up to 5 days at an ammonia consumption of 30 kg / m3 of manure.
Decontamination is also carried out with formalin, with mixing for 6 hours and holding for 72 hours.
Solid manure, infected with pathogens, is subjected to heat treatment in steam-jet apparatus.
To implement the chemical method of decontamination of manure, special capacities should be provided in the structure of structures.
In the case of microarc machining in rotating magnetic fields, the microflora is destroyed in the working zone of the apparatus (Table 2). Helminths and their eggs are destroyed mainly by magnetohydrodynamic shocks and active exposure to the environment. The microflora is destroyed in a complex way, due to magnetohydrodynamic shocks, intensive rotation of the liquid phase stream and strongly ionized medium. The introduction of additives, which, dissociating, additionally ionize manure, greatly contribute to the elimination of microflora.
Attention is drawn to the fact of a significant reduction in the consumption of ammonia and formaldehyde. The latter's consumption according to the instruction is about 30% of the mass of manure (in the form of 40% solution). The use of safe potassium hydroxide greatly simplifies decontamination of manure in any farm, its efficiency is higher than that of formaldehyde. It should be noted that the use of potassium hydroxide as a disinfectant greatly facilitates the neutralization of manure from the viewpoint of work safety and from the point of view of preserving the normal ecological situation. In addition, KOH, passing into solution, is a good fertilizer.
Simultaneously with the destruction of microflora, worms and their eggs are destroyed.
Effect of additives and microarc machining in rotating magnetic fields on the content of livestock complexes of microorganisms and cultures (E-coli and St-aureus) in industrial wastes. Processing time 3-10 seconds
Таблица 2.
п/п | Материал | Добавка | E-coli | St-aureus | Проверка через (суток) | |
вид | количество | |||||
1 | Исходный | – | – | 106 | 106 | 1 |
2 | После обработки | КОН | 1 л/т | 102 | 102 | 1 |
3 | После обработки | КОН | 3 л/т | 10° | 10° | 1 |
4 | После обработки | КОН | 5 л/т | 0 | 0 | 1 |
5 | После обработки | аммиак | 30 л/т | 0 | 0 | 3 |
6 | После обработки | аммиак | 5 л/т | 0 | 0 | 3 |
7 | После обработки | формальдегид | 10 л/т | 10 | 10 | 1 |
8 | После обработки | формальдегид | 25 л/т | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Such a degree of neutralization of manure and, correspondingly, of other similar types of industrial waste, waters with very high speed can not be obtained by bio-cleaning and biofiltration, as well as by any known method of disinfection.
The basic operations for preparing manure for use are usually the following: accumulation, homogenization, disinfection, separation into liquid and solid, fraction,
obtaining free-flowing peat composts, export directly to fields or through intermediate storage of bulk, liquid, semi-liquid fractions and uniform distribution over the area of the field. For their high-quality implementation, very complicated and cumbersome structures and the corresponding technique for mixing, loading, transporting and applying manure to fields have been developed. There are many modifications of these structures and technologies. However, they have several common drawbacks: very high capital costs are required; The reliable disinfection and destruction of seeds of weed plants is not ensured; low quality of organic fertilizers, environmental hazards, in particular, the introduced fertilizers are washed away by sediments and meltwater. Export to the fields of liquid fertilizers is accompanied by huge unproductive costs, as the exported manure contains 70-90% of water (this is a consequence of the low efficiency of separating the liquid phase from the solid one). Applied everywhere sludge is very slow and does not give good results. There are several methods for accelerating manure thickening: using centrifuges, centrifugal thickeners, screw thickeners with filters, etc.
The export to manure fields of the obtained consistency results in a rain to a mass washout. To prevent flushing, homogenized manure is proposed to be converted into solid granules. To do this, in the semi-liquid manure, after processing in the working zone of the reactor, quicklime, which binds chemically water, is added. Granules taken to the fields are not washed away by flood waters and rains and have been effective for several years.
It should be borne in mind that the production line scheme should be developed for each specific case, since cattle farms and pig farms can have different manure removal systems and, accordingly, manure also goes different: unmodified, liquid, semi-liquid, solid, liquid effluents or their mixtures. But the common thing in these schemes is the preparation of manure for processing in the reactor, homogenization and disinfection. Further, depending on local conditions, the end products may
be a disinfected liquid phase, semi-liquid homogenized and disinfected manure or granules
In all cases, huge accumulators are dismantled, in which manure is kept for months, most of the transport equipment becomes unnecessary, the areas occupied by equipment for processing manure are sharply reduced, material and energy costs are reduced and, very importantly, the ecological conditions around farms and on fields are greatly facilitated .
Ultimately, after microarc machining in rotating magnetic fields of these types of industrial wastes of livestock complexes, a semi-product is obtained, uniform in composition, completely disinfected and having the necessary consistency. Liquid disinfected mineral fertilizer can be directed to fields without use or by traditional technology for composting with straw, peat, sawdust, etc. In this case, liquid fertilizer does not require long-term biothermal processing.
From this semi-finished product it is possible to obtain two main types of industrial products: granulated organomineral fertilizers or mixed fodder. The technology of their production is practically the same - only the additives that are introduced are changed.
Opportunities and advantages of microarc machining technology in rotating magnetic fields applied to wastewater treatment
poultry farms and livestock complexes
Widely used technologies and equipment for disposal of waste water use multistage cleaning methods: reagent treatment, coagulation, aeration, sedimentation, filtration, neutralization of sludge, etc., for which buildings are needed, pond settling system, biological post-treatment, filtration etc. These processes are slow and therefore the size of the equipment is very large, material and energy-intensive. But most importantly, they do not provide the required level of cleaning and the maximum permissible concentration of hazardous elements and compounds (MPC).
An important circumstance that worsens the technical and economic indicators of neutralization is the low specific energy saturation of the working zones of equipment for treatment facilities of all types. The lack of energy determines the low rates of physicochemical reactions. It is difficult to intensify diffusion in conventional apparatus. In essence, only thermal activation of processes and mechanical mixing are known. But their capabilities are limited.
Therefore, it is difficult to intensify production processes using traditional technologies and equipment, the volume of processed sewage can be increased only by increasing the amount of equipment. On the other hand, you have to spend a lot of energy and resources for deep cleaning. And, their number is such that it is quite comparable with the costs for the main production.
In the installation (apparatus), due to the high mixing efficiency, delivery of the system components to the reaction point throughout the entire working area at the same time is ensured, since the working bodies are distributed throughout the entire working area. Under the influence of shock waves generated by the working bodies by the mechanism of magnetostriction, the solid particles are very quickly ground (cleaned of surface films). The grinding process proceeds continuously and with increasing speed throughout the volume. This phenomenon has very important consequences. Each solid particle has a film of oxides, impurities, etc. on the surface, in addition, when reacting components interact on the surface of the particle, a solid or liquid film of reaction products is formed, which retards this reaction. As a result of the continuous destruction of large and small particles, a new
The cleavage surface is not protected by any films, which significantly increases the chemical activity of the solid component. At the same time shock waves from working bodies knock down these films.
Technological and operational advantages of equipment for wastewater treatment on the basis of the reactor are due to the high intensity of the processes. This means that, other things being equal, we can expect a noticeable acceleration of the course of chemical reactions and, accordingly, production processes, as well as a reduction in the consumption of additives. Substances at the exit from the working zone of the apparatus acquire new properties-several times faster settle, with the sediment and solution above it having a clear interface, i.e. there is no transition layer (solvatization effect is eliminated). In the treatment of sewage by the UAP apparatus, accelerated separation and precipitation of the mineral constituent in the form of non-hazardous hydroxides occurs. There is disinfection of water - pathogenic microflora and microorganisms are destroyed in a complex way, due to highly ionized medium, magnetohydrodynamic shocks, intensive rotation of the liquid phase flow.
As a result, it becomes possible to reduce the volume and quantity of sedimentation tanks, mixers, filters, tanks, etc. Ultimately, this provides a sharp reduction in metal consumption, the size of auxiliary equipment, the initial capital costs and investments in sewage treatment plants. A very important factor is also a significant reduction in operating costs (electricity consumption, reagents, labor reduction).
Apparatus can easily be built into almost any technological line and, without requiring major alterations and capital costs, always improve production efficiency.
Rational use of the properties of plants allows to quickly improve the ecological situation in any locality.
The equipment of the technological line equipment provides that all dangerous processes are isolated from the atmosphere. This ensures environmental cleanliness and safety of maintenance personnel.
It has already been noted above that the destruction of microflora always takes place, moreover, the destruction takes place already in the working zone of the reactor. This means that no aging is required after the application of the disinfectant additives required by the instructions. For example, after applying formaldehyde, the exposure should be at least 72 hours
Comparative technical and economic indicators of innovative technology with traditional wastewater treatment systems
The main disadvantages of biological treatment systems is the instability of the operation of bio-purification facilities, which is determined by the complexity of the structures, the multistage processes, difficulties in regulating the composition of active sludge and the dependence of the course of biochemical reactions on the chemical composition of wastewater, the particle size of suspensions in wastewater, and also on external factors: temperature, pressure, etc., and accordingly - the instability of the degree of purification. In general, purified water does not meet the requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service.
One of the significant problems in this technology is the utilization of excess sludge and the need to allocate fields for its accumulation and storage. Without further purification of sludge from heavy metals and toxic chemical compounds, it is not suitable for use as organic fertilizers. To solve this problem, biotechnologies are helpless.
Comparison of technological lines of biological treatment with technological complexes for wastewater treatment with application of microarc machining in rotating magnetic fields (Table 4) shows a number of advantages and high competitiveness of innovative technology with the use of process activation plants for virtually all major technical and economic indicators.
Among the advantages and advantages of innovative technology, first of all, it is necessary to note the possibility of a complete utilization of sewage with the possibility of obtaining commercial products - purified water, a semi-finished product for organic fertilizers, and purified fine fines.
231/5000
Sravneniye nekotorykh tekhniko-ekonomicheskikh pokazateley tekhnologicheskikh liniy biologicheskoy ochistki tekhnologicheskikh kompleksov dlya ochistki stochnykh vod s primeneniyem ustanovok dlya mikrodugovoy obrabotki vo
vrashchayushchikhsya magnitnykh polyakh
Comparison of some technical and economic indicators of technological lines for biological treatment of technological complexes for wastewater treatment with the use of installations for microarc machining
rotating magnetic fields
Таблица 4.
№
п/п |
Наименованиепоказателей |
Традиционнаятехнология:комплексы биологическойочистки |
Инновационнаятехнология:комплексы для очисткисточных вод микродуговой обработкой во вращающихсямагнитных полях |
1 | Производительность(по количествуочищаемых стоков) максимальнаяминимальная |
|
|
- минимальная | До 0,05-1м3/час | До 4-5м3/час при непрерывной работе Без ограничений – при периодическойработе | |
- максимальная | Ограничиваетсяплощадями,необходимыми для размещения аэротенков,отстойников,фильтров и т.п. | Без ограничений,определяетсяколичествомприменяемыхаппаратов | |
2 | Габариты,основногооборудования (длина х ширина х высота) для производительности: м х м х м аэротенкибиофильтры отстойникивторичные общая площадь, м2 |
40 х 84 х 6 0 до 25 0 18-50 >1000 |
|
- 24 м3/сутки | Не менее 4.1x 4.1 x 3 м | L=1,0 b=1,8h=1,5 | |
- 280 м3/сутки | Не менее 12,0х2,8х2,7 м | L=3,0 м;b=2,6м;h=2,25м | |
3 | Площадьиловыхплощадок для обеспечения непрерывной работы оборудования для очисткисточныхвод – дляпроизводительности: | Требуетсяналичиеиловыхплощадок.
(размеры одной картыиловыхплощадокобычно не менее25 х 24 х 1,3 м) | Нетребуется |
- 24 м3/сутки | Не менее 3 га | ||
- 280 м3/сутки | Не менее 50 га | ||
4 | Материалоемкостьосновногооборудования - для производительности: |
|
|
- 24 м3/сутки | Не менее 3 тонн – без учетавесаоборудования по переработкеосадка(ила) | Весодногоаппаратасоставляет не более 250 кг. Весвспомогательногооборудования(сборник-усреднитель,насос, баки для добавок,промежуточная емкость;сборникишлама;отстойник с тонкослойнымблоком;сборникочищеннойводы,бункер для сыпучихматериалов и т.п.) – не |
|
|
| более 1 т |
- 280 м3/сутки | Не менее 20 тонн – без учетавесаоборудования по переработкеосадка(ила) | Весдвухаппаратовсоставляет не более 500 кг. Весвспомогательногооборудования (сборник-усреднитель,насос, баки для добавок,промежуточнаяемкость;сборникишлама;отстойник с тонкослойнымблоком;сборникочищеннойводы,бункер для сыпучихматериалов и т.п.) – не более 4,5 т. | |
5 | Сложность оборудования | Высокаястепеньсложности | Относительноневысокаястепеньсложности: Посравнению с комплексомбилогоческойочисткиколичествоединиц оборудования в технологическомкомплексеуменьшается в 3 раза |
6 | Ограничения по очисткесточныхвод по предельномусодержанию в нихпримесей мг/л | 200-800 | До 10 000 и выше |
9 | Ограничения к температурепоступаемыхстоков и температуры | Нениже8-10°С | Нениже0-5°С |
10 | Расход энергии (без учетарасходаэлектроэнергиинамеханическоеобезвоживание и термическуюобработкуосадков),кВтч/м3 | Более 3,5 – 5,0 не включаетрасходэлектроэнергиинамеханическоеобезвоживание и термическуюобработкуосадков | Менее 1,5-2,5 – включаетобезвоживаниеи обработкиосадков |
11 | Необходимостьдоочисткиводы до санитарного требования для слива в природныевоодоемы | Необходимоотделениедополнительнойдоочистки | Нетребуется |
12 | Необходимостьобезвоживания осадка(ила)послеочистки | В большинствеслучаевнеобходимоприменятьдополнительныепроцессыобезвоживания с дополнительнымизатратами электроэнергии, например,удельныезатратыэлектроэнергиидляобезвоживания на 1м3 сухогоосадкасоставляют:
| Нетребуется |
13 | Обеззараживаниеосадка (ила) от микрроорганизсом | Требуетсяспециальноеотделение(участок) по обеззараживанию. Затраты электроэнергии дляобеззараживанияосадка в камерахдегельминтизацииобычносоставляют: – до 160-650кВт/час на 1 тонну осадка | Нетребуетсяспециальноеотделение(участок) по обеззараживанию,этовходит в технологический процессочистки |
14 | Возможностьудалениятяжелыхметаллов | Нет, требуетприменения других технологий | Достигается очистка от тяжелыхметаллов нижетребованийпредельнодопустимыхконцентраций(ПДК) по санитарным нормам |
15 | Существуют ли ограничения по очисткесточныхводпосодержанию в нихспиртов,поверхностно-активныхвеществ,химическихсоединений и др. | Возможностьочисткизависит от содержания этихкомпонентов в сточныхводах | Нет |
16 | Скоростьосаждения осадков | Оченьмедленное – процессосаждения достигает не менеенесколькосутокосаждениеосадки | Быстрое– осаждениепроисходитзавремя –от несколькихминут до несколькодесятков минут |
17 | Глубинаочистки | Невсегдаудовлетворяетнормамсанитарно-эпидемиологических.служб | Удовлетворяетнормамсанитарно-эпидемиологических.служб |
18 | Ограничения по минимальнымразмерамтвердыхчастиц,присутствующих в стоках | Менее 0,1 мм | Менее 1,0 мм |
19 | Утилизация продуктовпереработкисточныхвод | С помощьюбиотехнологий не достигается полнаяутилизация. Необходимоприменениедругихметодов,утилизацииканализациюнныхосадков(илов) | Осуществляетсяутилизацияпродуктовпереработкисточныхвод с получениемрентабельнойпродукции |
20 | Продукция,получаемая после очисткисточныхвод | Вода,очищенная,согласносанитарным нормам длясброса в природныеводоемы | Вода,очищенная,согласносанитарным нормам длясброса в природныеводоемы, для полива или для техническихцелей;Органическиеудобрения,Строительныйматериал – очищенныйпесокмелкихфракций; Концентрат гидроокисей металлов (сырьедляметаллургии) |
21 | Новыеположительныесвойстваочищеннойводы | нет | Очищеннаяводаприобретаетбиологическиактивныесвойства,положительновлияет на рост растенийприполиве,имеетантифунгицидные,антибактериальные и антигельминитныесвойства |
Purified water with the described technology corresponds to sanitary and hygienic requirements for the quality of water in surface water bodies. In Table. 5 shows an example of the composition of water after the treatment of such effluents, which can be discharged into natural water bodies or sent to water plants. It should be noted that the composition of purified water depends on the type of waste, as well as on the completeness of the equipment, the types of additives-reagents, the amount of reactor, etc. This technology is flexible and, depending on local requirements, it allows to achieve the necessary parameters for purity and the maximum allowable content of indicators and concentrations of compounds.
An example of the composition of purified water after treatment of effluents with the help of devices for microarc machining in rotating magnetic fields.
Параметры | Ед.изм. | Значение |
pH |
| 7-8 |
Мутностьводы | NTU | < 2 |
Минерализация(общее количестворастворённыхчастиц — TotalDissolvedSolids-TDS | Мг/л | < 125 |
Щёлочностьпо метилоранжу | Мг/л | < 10 |
Кальциеваяжёсткость воды CaCO3 | Мг/л | < 10 |
Магниеваяжёсткость воды CaCO3 | Мг/л | < 10 |
Общаяжёсткость воды CaCO3 | Мг/л | < 20 |
Хлориды Cl | Мг/л | < 10 |
Сульфаты SO4 | Мг/л | < 10 |
РеакционныйкремнийSiO2 | Мг/л | < 5 |
Коллоидныйкремнезём SiO2 | Мг/л | < 0.20 |
Общее железоFe | Мг/л | < 0.10 |
BOD (биохимическаяпотребность в кислороде) | Мг/л | - |
COD (химическаяпотребность в кислороде) | Мг/л | < 10 |
1.Общее количество жизнеспособныхорганизмов | 2.Колоний/мл | 3. < 1000 |
4.SRB (сульфат-восстанавливающиебактерии) | 5.MPN (наиболеевероятное количество)/100мл | 6.< 20 |
It should be noted that such water after this type of purification is additionally activated to increase crop yields and quality of agricultural products. Such activation of purified water is achieved by
simultaneous impact of the set of impacts during microarc machining in rotating magnetic fields. At the same time, the achieved higher energy state remains for a relatively long time.