The key advantage of direct ...

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The key advantage of direct potable reuse as compared to seawater desalination for municipal water supply is Environmental Impact. As there is no brine discharge in the sea, there will not be any impact on the sensitive aquatic life. Also, direct potable reuse actually reuse the wastewater, which will have positive impact on the environment.

However, the key disadvantage is psychological factor. People don't want to drink treated sewage, however, astronauts do.