Dear Mr. Yahia, Pre-treatment ...

Dear Mr. Yahia, Pre-treatment plays a significant role in maximising the efficiency of the preferred desalting technology and enormous advances in membrane technology have resulted in the maturation of brackish water and seawater reverse osmosis (BWRO and SWRO) to the point where it is considered the benchmark method for the industry.Membrane filtration has been accepted as the prefered pre-treatment method in RO process. Pretreatment to reverse osmosis seawater desalination historically has been achieved using organic (polymer) ultra- and micro-filter (UF/MF) membranes. Newly developed inorganic (ceramic) membranes offer unique advantages over the currently employed membranes it investigate the performance of a zirconium dioxide ceramic membrane with 0.05μm pore diameter to clarify raw seawater under different operating conditions.