Circumstances will determine ...

Circumstances will determine low cost. Here are criteria developed by Severn Trent. 1. Low capital costs 2. Minimal power/electrical requirements 3. Minimal moving & mechanical components 4. Minimal sludge generation; preferably none 5. Requires minimal operator attention and licensure; preferably unskilled 6. Capable of treating water to a high standard over a range of hydraulic loading rates 7. Resistant to temperature extremes and sewage composition variability 8. Modular and relatively easy to modify or upgrade 9. Capable of accommodating intermittent flows without compromising treatment 10. Minimizes odor, fly nuisance, noise and intrusion on surrounding environment 11. Low visual/aesthetic impact and small footprint 12. No hazardous conditions We used this criteria and largely settled on building our company around fixed film processes see www.aquapoint.com. Much of the decision will relate not to capital equipment but rather to life cycle costs. Have a look at the Bioclere, which is a very versatile trickling filter over a clarifier, on the Web site and if it makes sense to you contact me directly for more detailed information. Craig Lindell